Final answer:
The correct answer is d. Transaction processing controls, as they are not a BI practice or tool but are meant for ensuring data integrity in business operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is option d. Transaction processing controls. Business Intelligence (BI) refers to technologies, applications, and practices for the collection, integration, analysis, and presentation of business information. The aim of BI is to support better business decision making. Among the options provided, data extraction, visualization, and predictive modeling are all practices or tools associated with BI.
They help businesses understand their data, forecast future scenarios, and present data in an accessible way. On the other hand, transaction processing controls are related to information systems and are designed to ensure the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of the data during transaction processing in business operations. This does not fall under the BI umbrella, as it is more about maintaining data integrity rather than analyzing and deriving insights from business data.