Final answer:
Berlin and Kay challenge linguistic relativity by showing evidence of universal patterns in language, such as the perception of color, suggesting that language is shaped by our common human biology rather than strictly by cultural differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Berlin and Kay's article challenges the concept of linguistic relativity by presenting evidence of universal patterns in language, particularly in the domain of color. Their research suggests that all human languages share some commonalities due to our universal human biology, as seen in how different languages perceive and categorize colors. Although linguistic relativity, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, posits that language shapes thought and perception, Berlin and Kay's findings indicate that there may be inherent constraints and universals in language that transcend cultural differences. This presents a significant challenge to the idea that the structure of a language strongly influences its speakers' worldview.