Final answer:
Medications that are relatively safe for pregnant women are classified in FDA category A and B. Pregnant women should always consult their physicians before taking any medications to ensure the safety of the fetus, as some substances may have detrimental effects on fetal development. Key nutrients for fetal growth include folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
Medications considered relatively safe in pregnancy are classified in FDA category A and B. These categories indicate that the drugs have either been tested in pregnant women (Category A) and found to be safe, or animal studies have shown no risk (Category B), and/or there is no evidence of risk in human studies. It's crucial for pregnant women to consult their physician before taking any medications because substances can affect the development of the fetus, especially during the early stages of pregnancy.
Substances that can be harmful to the developing fetus, such as alcohol, illegal drugs, certain prescription medications, and some over-the-counter medicines are considered teratogens.
They can severely impede the healthy development of critical organ systems, which is why pregnant mothers must avoid exposures to these harmful substances. Moreover, some of these substances, like heroin, can lead to addiction in babies who will then require medical supervision to be gradually weaned to prevent severe complications such as seizures.
It is key that a pregnant mother ensures she does not partake in any toxic substances and maintains a diet that includes all the vital nutrients for healthy fetal growth. This includes taking adequate amounts of folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids which are particularly essential.
Prenatal care and routine check-ups with a healthcare provider are also fundamental to monitor both maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.