Final answer:
Small-scale societies in the 19th century underwent various changes due to economic forces, industrialization, and the establishment of utopian communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the 19th century, small-scale societies underwent various changes due to economic forces and the Industrial Revolution. Before this period, people lived a simple life in rural areas, relying on agriculture and handcrafted goods. However, with the rise of the market economy and new technology, societies began to shift towards a more industrialized and urbanized way of life.
Some reformers and visionaries of the time sought to create alternative communities where equality and harmony could be achieved. These utopian societies aimed to reshape American civilization and often experimented with communal living and new social ideas.
Overall, the 19th century saw a transformation in small-scale societies, as they adapted to the changes brought by economic forces, industrialization, and the emergence of utopian communities.