Final answer:
Mathematical models are tools created through the scientific method to describe, understand, and predict the behavior of phenomena in various conditions, using mathematical concepts and data from controlled experiments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The methodology that classifies features of a phenomenon and constructs mathematical models is a part of the scientific method. Mathematical models are a description of a phenomenon using mathematical concepts, which can include equations, inequalities, distributions, and more. These models serve as tools to help us understand and predict how systems behave in various conditions. They are often based on data collected from observations and experiments, which is then analyzed to find patterns or to test hypotheses. Some models are deterministic, giving us precise predictions, while others may represent complex systems or concepts that are difficult to quantify completely. In creating a mathematical model, there's typically an attempt to achieve greater precision through controlled experiments, when possible. After organizing and analyzing the data, the model is formulated to help generalize and communicate the results. For example, space agencies use deterministic models to predict rocket behavior with high accuracy. While scientific models may not always completely or perfectly describe a phenomenon, they are essential for translating the intangible or complex into more understandable forms.