Final answer:
Participant observation is the prolonged and intensive observation of a community's life. Researchers immerse themselves in the community, actively participating in its activities to gain insights into its social dynamics and cultural values.
Step-by-step explanation:
The prolonged and intensive observation of a community's life is called participant observation. This research method involves the researcher immersing themselves in the community and actively participating in its activities in order to gain a deep understanding of the social dynamics and cultural values of the community. Through direct observation and participation, researchers collect information and insights about the community's way of life, perspectives, and behaviors.
For example, a sociologist studying a tribe in the Amazon might live with the villagers and observe their daily routines, traditions, and rituals, while a researcher studying a spiritual retreat center might attend a retreat as a guest and record observations about the practices and beliefs of the participants.