Final answer:
Cladogenesis and anagenesis are two modes of speciation. Cladogenesis involves the branching off of new lineages from a single ancestral species, while anagenesis refers to the transformation of a single ancestral species into a different species without the formation of new lineages.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cladogenesis and anagenesis are two modes of speciation, which describe how new species arise. Cladogenesis occurs when a single ancestral species gives rise to multiple daughter species. This process involves the branching off of new lineages from the main lineage. Anagenesis, on the other hand, refers to the transformation of a single ancestral species into a different species over time, without the formation of new lineages. In anagenesis, the changes occur within the same lineage.