Final answer:
Archaeologists identify a site by conducting surveys to search for artifacts and structures. They then divide the site into sections using a grid system and proceed with excavation. The artifacts and features found are carefully documented and analyzed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Archaeologists identify a site by conducting surveys of an area to search for surface artifacts or structures. This can be done by walking across a field or using technologies like drones or Earth. Once a potential site is identified, archaeologists divide it into sections using a grid system and proceed with excavation.
During excavation, archaeologists carefully remove earth using trowels and toothbrushes, documenting and mapping all artifacts and features in situ. Soil samples may be collected for further analysis, and ecofacts like seeds, shells, or animal bones can be examined by specialists. Catalog numbers are assigned to all uncovered items.
Overall, the steps an archaeologist uses to study a site include surveying, excavation, documentation, and analysis of artifacts and features.