Final answer:
DNA analysis has helped identify Egyptian mummies, Russian Tsar Nicholas II, and King Richard III, among others. It has also been critical in forensic cases, familial relationship determination, and has wide-ranging applications in medical diagnostics, genealogy, and criminal justice.
Step-by-step explanation:
DNA analysis has played a significant role in the identification of historical figures. Notable examples include the use of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to establish the identities of Egyptian mummies, the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family after their execution during the Russian Revolution, and King Richard III of England, whose remains were discovered and identified in 2012. Forensic genetics has also made great strides in determining familial relationships, such as paternity, and has been instrumental in solving various forensic cases. For instance, the technology was pivotal in solving the anthrax letters case in 2001, where genomic analysis traced the anthrax strain back to a specific laboratory. Additionally, forensic scientists have successfully utilized DNA fingerprinting in immigration cases, with the first notable use being to confirm the relationship between a boy and his family in the UK. DNA analysis extends beyond identifying individuals to tracing genealogy and human migration patterns, diagnosing diseases, developing new vaccines and therapies, and in forensic science, it has been essential in proving innocence or guilt in criminal cases, thereby impacting individuals' lives profoundly.