Final answer:
As one moves from extensive to intensive cultivation, there is a shift from farming multiple plots over a large territory to farming the same plots repeatedly using labor-intensive methods. Intensive agriculture produces higher yields and supports larger populations, allowing for the development of specialized roles in society.
Step-by-step explanation:
As one moves along the cultivation continuum from extensive toward intensive cultivation, there are several changes that occur. In extensive cultivation, farming involves multiple plots over a large territory. However, in intensive cultivation, the same plots are farmed over and over again using labor-intensive methods such as plowing, terracing, and irrigation. Intensive agriculture generates much greater yields compared to extensive horticulture, which supports larger populations. This surplus allows for the development of specialized roles in society, such as craft production, trade, and religion.