Final answer:
False. Neanderthals had larger brains than archaic humans, but brain size does not determine intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
False. Archaic humans have smaller brains than Neanderthals.
Archaic humans, which include Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, and Homo neanderthalensis, had brain sizes averaging around 1200-1400 cc. Neanderthals, on the other hand, had larger brain sizes averaging around 1520 cc. So, Neanderthals had larger brains than archaic humans.
However, the size of the brain does not necessarily determine intelligence. The organization and development of different brain regions also play a role in cognitive abilities.