Final answer:
The advent of agriculture brought about biological responses and health/disease issues. Biological responses include the adaptation to a grain-based diet and the development of lactose intolerance. Health issues include increased prevalence of microbial and parasitic diseases and vulnerability to epidemic diseases within agricultural communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The advent of the agricultural lifeway brought about various biological responses and health/disease issues. One biological response was the adaptation to a largely grain-based diet, which led to diseases and nutritional deficiencies. For example, lactose intolerance and dental caries (cavities) are problems associated with the dietary changes brought by agriculture. In terms of health and disease, the development of agriculture increased the prevalence of microbial and parasitic diseases, such as malaria, due to closer contact between humans and disease-carrying organisms like mosquitoes.
Another health issue associated with agriculture is the increase in epidemic diseases within large agricultural communities. Crowded living conditions and improper waste disposal contributed to the spread of diseases. Furthermore, the reliance on crops and vulnerability to changes in weather conditions made agriculturalists more susceptible to food shortages and famine.
Overall, the advent of agriculture brought about both biological responses and health/disease issues, shaping our current health status and susceptibility to certain diseases.