Final answer:
Altruism is a pure form of helping others out of empathy, while affiliation refers to forming relationships with others. Altruistic behaviors can provide evolutionary advantages by increasing the fitness of another individual at a cost to the altruistic individual’s own fitness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Altruism is a pure form of helping others out of empathy, which can be contrasted with egoistic motivations for helping. Affiliation refers to forming relationships with others, and it is a necessity for social beings. Altruistic behaviors, such as those seen in social insects and mammals, can provide evolutionary advantages by increasing the fitness of another individual even at a cost to the altruistic individual’s own fitness. These behaviors may be driven by genetic relatedness, where individuals sacrifice for the benefit of their genetic relatives.