Question

___ is a technique that directly removes bilirubin from the circulation. It is generally used if phototherapy has been ineffective or if bilirubin levels are already at toxic levels.

Answer 1

Exchange transfusion is a technique that directly removes bilirubin from the bloodstream, used when phototherapy is ineffective or levels are dangerously high, by replacing the patient's blood with fresh donor blood or plasma.

Step-by-step explanation:

The technique that directly removes bilirubin from the circulation is called Exchange transfusion. This procedure is generally utilized when phototherapy is ineffective, or when bilirubin levels are already at toxic levels threatening health. Exchange transfusion involves removing the patient's blood and replacing it with fresh donor blood or plasma, which effectively dilutes the bilirubin concentration and other toxins, as well as furnishes healthy red blood cells.

During exchange transfusion, small amounts of the infant's blood are removed and replaced with donor blood in increments. This process not only reduces the immediate levels of circulating unconjugated bilirubin but also provides the infant with a source of bilirubin-binding albumin and red blood cells that have not been damaged, helping to prevent further accumulation of bilirubin as the new red cells will have a normal lifespan.