Final answer:
For suspected colorectal cancer, start with symptomatic relief and schedule a colonoscopy. Post-exam, based on findings, further tests, oncology referral, and treatment discussions will follow. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and can prevent cancer by removing polyps.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (CC), such as persistent constipation, cramping, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding, a systematic approach is essential to manage their care effectively. In the context of suspected colon cancer, immediate orders may include symptomatic relief measures such as laxatives for constipation, along with a thorough medical history and physical examination.
Next, initial orders generally include non-invasive testing such as a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) to detect hidden blood in the stool, and if the patient is over 50 or has other risk factors, scheduling a colonoscopy is highly recommended. Colonoscopy serves as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, allowing for the visualization and removal of precancerous polyps.
Following non-invasive test results, if there's a positive FOBT or other concerning signs, a complete colonoscopy is warranted. This procedure is the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal cancer. Should the colonoscopy reveal polyps or tumors, the patient may then be admitted for further evaluation and treatment, including possible biopsy and surgical consultation.
Subsequent orders will depend on colonoscopy findings and may involve oncology referrals, staging investigations like CT scans, and discussions of treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. The final orders will be tailored to the stage and nature of the colorectal cancer, the patient’s overall health, and personal treatment preferences.