Final answer:
Varicose veins are dilated, superficial veins in the legs caused by weak or damaged valves, leading to blood accumulation and vein distention, potentially causing pain, edema, and other complications. Risk factors include age, gender, pregnancy, and lifestyle. Treatment ranges from conservative to surgical interventions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Varicose Veins and Edema
Varicose veins are dilated, twisted superficial veins, most commonly found in the legs. They occur when defective valves in the veins fail to function properly, leading to blood accumulation and vein distention. Varicose veins can lead to symptoms such as pain, itching, throbbing, and can cause edema, which is the presence of excess tissue fluid around cells. Treatment options vary from conservative measures like support hose and leg elevation to more invasive procedures like laser surgery, radiologic interventions, and conventional surgery to remove damaged vessels. Without treatment, varicose veins can worsen over time, potentially leading to complications like skin ulcers and an increased risk of blood clots, known as thrombosis.
Risk Factors and Why Varicose Veins Occur in the Legs
Factors that increase the risk of developing varicose veins include older age, female gender, pregnancy, obesity, family history, standing for long periods, and certain lifestyle habits. The likelihood of varicose veins is particularly high in the legs because of the pressure exerted by gravity on the veins when upright, which is exacerbated when valves are weakened or damaged. This gravitational pull can also contribute to edema, as it promotes fluid flow out of capillaries into the surrounding tissue.