Final answer:
Perioperative beta-blockers like metoprolol and propranolol are considered for patients with cardiovascular issues, including those with congestive heart failure or a history of heart attacks, due to their ability to improve cardiac function by reducing vasoconstriction and controlling heart rate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patients to be considered for beta-blockers perioperatively are those with cardiovascular diseases, as beta-blockers can significantly improve cardiac function. Beta-blockers work by blocking the ß-receptors, which are associated with vasoconstriction and cardioacceleration, thereby allowing blood vessels to dilate and preventing heart rate increases.
Metoprolol and propranolol are two common beta-blockers, with metoprolol specifically targeting the B1-receptor and propranolol blocking ß-receptors nonspecifically. Moreover, due to their negative inotropic effect, these beta-blockers play a crucial role in managing conditions such as congestive heart failure and post-heart attack recovery.