Final answer:
Pre-operative care for ischemic CVD often involves planning for surgical interventions, such as angioplasty, stent placement, endarterectomy, or coronary bypass. Emphasizing lifestyle changes post-surgery is essential for managing the disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pre-operative considerations for ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are vital for the management and surgical treatment of this condition. Ischemic CVD, which encompasses coronary artery disease (CAD), often requires surgical intervention due to plaque-caused blockages reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. Surgical options include angioplasty, where a catheter with a balloon tip is used to widen a narrowed vessel. Inserting a stent may follow to maintain vessel patency.
Endarterectomy involves the surgical removal of plaque from arterial walls, commonly applied to the carotid arteries. Another surgical option is a coronary bypass, where a graft is used to redirect blood flow around an occluded artery. Considering lifestyle changes post-surgery is crucial, with a strong emphasis on diet, exercise, and medication to reduce cholesterol, blood pressure, and clotting risks.