Final answer:
Patients on Metformin are at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency, which may result in megaloblastic anemia and requires regular monitoring and possibly supplementation with vitamin B12. Adequate micronutrient levels are also essential for the prevention and management of Metabolic Syndrome, for which Metformin is commonly used.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patients on Metformin may develop a vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to an array of health issues, including megaloblastic anemia. This specific type of anemia is characterized by the presence of large, immature red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B12 and/or folate. Metformin interferes with vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum by altering the gut microbiome and decreasing intrinsic factor secretion. Furthermore, long-term Metformin use correlates with decreased levels of serum vitamin B12.
It is vital for patients using Metformin to monitor their vitamin B12 levels, especially if they present with symptoms suggestive of deficiency, such as fatigue, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, and neuropathy. General guidelines recommend annual monitoring of vitamin B12 levels for individuals on long-term Metformin therapy. In cases of deficiencies, supplementation of vitamin B12 may be required to reverse the symptoms and prevent neurologic damage.
Maintaining adequate levels of micronutrients, such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and bicarbonate is crucial for overall health and may also contribute to the prevention or management of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn), which Metformin is often prescribed to treat.