Final answer:
Archaeologists use a variety of dating techniques, including radiometric dating and thermoluminescence dating, to determine the age of volcanic ash, bone, and pottery. Typological sequencing is also employed to analyze the relationships between objects and their relative positions in time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Archaeologists use a variety of dating techniques to determine the age of volcanic ash, bone, and pottery. One method is radiometric dating, which involves measuring the ratio of parent to daughter isotopes in a sample. This technique can be applied to volcanic materials and organic remains such as bone. Another method is thermoluminescence dating, which determines the time since an object was last heated by measuring the light emitted when it is heated again. Typological sequencing is also used to compare objects with similar appearances and determine their relative positions in time.