Final answer:
The modern cranial shape of human beings first appeared approximately 200,000 years ago in Africa, characterized by rounded skulls, steep foreheads, and an average cranial capacity of about 1,400 cubic centimeters.
Step-by-step explanation:
The modern cranial shape of human beings first appeared approximately 200,000 years ago in Africa. These early humans, known as Homo sapiens, had rounded skulls and steep foreheads, with an average cranial capacity of about 1,400 cubic centimeters. They also had well-developed chins and moderately developed brow ridges.