Final answer:
To gain insights into early hominin evolution, the study of primates closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees and gorillas, is vital. These species are genetically and behaviorally similar to humans and provide clues about traits like intelligence and culture. Biological anthropologists also study australopithecines and early Homo species to understand developments in bipedalism and tool-making.
Step-by-step explanation:
Insights into Early Hominin Evolution
When considering which primate species should be used to provide insights into early hominin evolution, it is crucial to look at those closest to humans in the evolutionary tree. Primates such as chimpanzees and gorillas, which reside within the hominid family along with humans, offer valuable information due to their genetic and behavioral similarities. Researchers like van Schaik study these primates for deeper understanding into the origins of human intelligence, technology, and culture, despite challenges from habitat loss and illegal hunting which threaten their survival.
To trace the evolution of early hominins, biological anthropologists study fossilized remains and consider australopithecines, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus crucial in the hominin lineage. The Australopithecus species, evolving about 3.9 million years ago with tool-making capabilities, represents a significant step towards modern humans. The divergence of the hominid lineage from our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, occurred approximately six million years ago.
Understanding why primates evolved and the adaptation of bipedalism are key aspects in studying human evolution. Some modern ancestors, including Neanderthals and Denisovans, offer insights as well, even though they are not direct ancestors but rather cousins within the hominin tree. Anthropologists diligently work to explain the complex web of traits and genes leading from early hominins to contemporary humans.