Final answer:
The Aboriginal people of Australia have darker skin compared to other indigenous groups like the peoples of Micronesia and Polynesia. This difference can be explained by geographical and evolutionary factors. The European colonization of Australia had a negative impact on the Aboriginal population.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Australia, the native Aboriginal people have darker skin compared to the lighter-skinned peoples of Micronesia and Polynesia. This skin color variation can be explained by geographical factors and the adaptation of human phenotypes. The traditional theory suggests that dark skin is an evolutionary adaptation to protect people from the sun's ultraviolet radiation, while lighter skin allows for greater production of Vitamin D in sunlight-deprived areas. The arrival of Europeans in Australia had a significant impact on the Aboriginal population, causing a decline in their numbers.