Final answer:
The rise of cities has led to significant environmental challenges, including the pollution of water, air, and land, which is true. This urban pollution contributes to global climate change, health problems, and challenges with sustainability and access to clean resources. Historical and contemporary examples illustrate the severe implications of urbanization on the environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that one major problem with the rise of cities is pollution of water, air, and land is true. Urbanization leads to an increased demand for resources such as water, food, and energy, causing significant environmental strain. The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global climate change, exacerbating the natural greenhouse effect and raising Earth's surface temperatures. In many developing regions, rapid city expansion results in inadequate sanitation and public services, leading to unsafe drinking water and unchecked waste disposal. Historical instances such as the pollution of the Cuyahoga River and London's 'The Great Stink' showcase the long-standing issues of urban pollution.
Urban areas can create severe environmental challenges, including traffic congestion, trash buildup, and health problems due to air and water pollution. Water pollution, a byproduct of industrialization and population growth, can lead to 'dead zones' in aquatic ecosystems, affecting human health through the accumulation of toxins in the food chain. Moreover, environmental sociology emphasizes the broader societal impact, where the poor and marginalized often face a disproportionate share of pollution, a concept known as environmental racism.