Final answer:
Sex refers to physical differences between males and females, while gender relates to societal constructs and behaviours associated with being male or female.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity.
Gender refers to behaviours, personal traits, and social positions that society attributes to being female or male. It is a social and cultural construct rather than a biological one.
The relationship between sex and gender is that while sex is determined by biological and anatomical features, gender is a societal construct that assigns roles, expectations, and characteristics to individuals based on their sex. Gender identity, which refers to a person's own sense of their gender, may or may not align with the sex assigned at birth.