Final answer:
Indeed, Neanderthals had larger brains than modern humans on average, but brain size alone does not determine intelligence. Neanderthals had different brain adaptations suited for their survival, while Homo Sapiens' brain development was accompanied by cultural and technological advancement.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that some Neanderthals had brains that were larger than modern humans, with an average size in Neanderthals of 1,520 cc compared to modern humans' 1200-1400 cc. However, the relation between brain size and intelligence is complex; larger brain size does not necessarily mean greater intelligence. Neanderthals had adaptations in their brains that were favorable for their survival in harsh conditions, such as an enhanced development in the area controlling the senses, but a less developed frontal region associated with speech and language. In contrast, Homo sapiens, which evolved during the last 800,000 years, developed much bigger brains than earlier Homo with smaller faces, jaws, and front teeth, which paralleled the development of culture and technology.