Final answer:
It is true that some Neanderthals had larger brains than modern humans, averaging around 1,520 cc compared to 1,200-1,400 cc. However, brain size does not directly correlate with intelligence, and differences in brain organization between Neanderthals and modern humans may have emphasized different cognitive abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question "Some Neandertals had brains that were larger than ours today." can be answered as true. Neanderthals, known as Homo neanderthalensis, had an average brain size of about 1,520 cubic centimeters (cc), while the average brain size for modern humans is approximately 1,200 to 1,400 cc. However, a larger brain size does not necessarily mean that Neanderthals were more intelligent than modern humans. The brain organization might have been different in Neanderthals, with less emphasis on the frontal regions related to speech and language, andmore development in the rear areas associated with sensory processing.
It's important to note that brain size alone is not a definitive indicator of cognitive abilities, and intelligence is a complex trait influenced by many factors. While the large brain size might suggest certain adaptive advantages for Neanderthals in their harsh environments, it does not clearly correlate with a higher intelligence over modern humans.