Final answer:
The correctly spelled term is Proteinuria, which refers to the presence of protein in urine, often due to kidney damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term spelled correctly in the list presented by the student is Proteinuria. Proteinuria refers to the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine, which could be indicative of kidney damage or disease. This condition is often due to damage to the glomeruli, which are the small blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste products from the blood into the urine. When these structures are damaged, proteins such as albumin can leak into the urine, a hallmark of various kidney diseases.Other conditions mentioned like oliguria indicate an abnormally low production of urine, which may be associated with kidney failure or other conditions like shock. Hematuria signifies the presence of red blood cells in urine, possibly due to injury or infection. Polyuria is characterized by the production of a large volume of urine, often associated with diabetes, while dysuria refers to painful urination, which often results from urinary tract infections.