Final answer:
Hypersensitivity reactions manifest differently based on their type, with Type I causing localized or systemic symptoms such as anaphylaxis. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is often a result of type III hypersensitivity, leading to symptoms like fever, headaches, nausea, and a characteristic rash. Diseases like SLE may show similar symptoms including a butterfly rash and joint pain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symptoms of Hypersensitivity and Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis (LCV)
The symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions can manifest in various forms depending on the type of reaction. Type I hypersensitivity reactions can be either localized, such as hay fever, hives, and asthma, or systemic, leading to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis. Localized hypersensitivity may cause symptoms such as swelling and redness of the skin, coughing, wheezing, and nasal discharge. Systemic hypersensitivity reactions, like anaphylaxis, are more severe, with rapid onset of symptoms including swelling of the tongue and trachea, dangerous drops in blood pressure, and potential shock.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a type of vasculitis that can result from hypersensitivity, usually classified as a type III immune reaction where immune complexes are formed and deposited in blood vessels. Symptoms of LCV include feelings of high fever, headache, body aches, nausea and vomiting, and a characteristic rash. The type III hypersensitivity mechanism also can lead to other manifestations like serum sickness, where patients might experience chills, fever, vasculitis, and arthritis. Vasculitis can cause blood to leak from damaged vessels, forming purple spots called petechiae. The systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may present with similar symptoms, including a distinctive butterfly rash, joint pain, and organ involvement leading to a wide array of symptoms such as kidney issues and neurological disturbances.