Final answer:
GCA primarily affects the temporal arteries that supply blood to the scalp and forehead. The ophthalmic artery and vertebral arteries in the head and neck region can also be involved. The aorta may be affected in some cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Granulomatous inflammation GCA affects the medium and large arteries primarily in the head and neck regions. The vessels most commonly involved in GCA are the temporal arteries, which are located on the sides of the head and supply blood to the scalp and forehead. These arteries can become inflamed, leading to symptoms such as headache, jaw pain, and vision problems.
In addition to the temporal arteries, GCA can also affect other vessels in the head and neck, including the ophthalmic artery, which supplies blood to the eyes, and the vertebral arteries, which supply blood to the brain. In some cases, GCA may also involve the aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.