Final answer:
The Apgar score evaluates a newborn's heart rate along with other criteria immediately after birth and at 5 minutes. Heart rate checks should occur within the first minute and continue every 2 minutes if PPV is used, with urgent attention needed for scores below 7 at 5 minutes, and an emergency situation for scores under 5.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Apgar score is a quick and straightforward metric used to assess the health of newborns immediately after birth. Heart rate is one of the most critical components of the Apgar score, particularly when positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is necessary if the baby is not breathing well. When evaluating an infant's heart rate with PPV, the heart rate should be checked within the first minute after birth and continuously while PPV is being administered. Resuscitation guidelines recommend reassessing heart rate every 2 minutes during PPV. The evaluation process involves using a stethoscope right after the baby is born, as shown in Figure 23.5.3 of a newborn receiving an Apgar test. Scores taken at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth with each of the Apgar criteria, including heart rate, to provide a total score. A score below 7 at the 5-minute mark could indicate the need for medical intervention, while a score below 5 signifies an emergency situation. A score of 8 or higher generally indicates the newborn is transitioning well post-birth.