Final Answer:
The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a gomphosis. Thus, the correct answer is B) gomphosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The synarthrosis that specifically connects the teeth to their bony sockets is known as a gomphosis. This type of joint is unique to the teeth and their sockets in the human skeletal system. The term "gomphosis" is derived from the Greek word "gomphos," meaning "bolt" or "nail," signifying the strong, peg-in-socket nature of this joint.
Within the gomphosis joint, the tooth is held securely in place within its socket by a fibrous periodontal ligament. This ligament acts as a cushion, providing support and allowing slight movement or flexibility, which is essential for functions such as chewing and biting. Despite this minimal movement, the gomphosis joint predominantly serves to anchor the tooth firmly to the jawbone.
This type of joint contrasts with sutures (A), which are fibrous joints found only in the skull, synchondroses (C), which are cartilaginous joints, and synostoses (D), which are joints where bones have fused together and are immovable. None of these options accurately describe the specific joint connection between teeth and their bony sockets, making gomphosis the correct answer for this particular anatomical relationship.
Understanding the different types of joints and their specific functions is crucial in the study of anatomy and orthodontics, especially when examining the structures supporting the teeth within the oral cavity.
Thus, the correct answer is B) gomphosis.