Final answer:
The key difference between conventional brakes and anti-lock brakes is that ABS prevents wheel lock-up during emergency braking, maintaining traction and control while stopping the vehicle effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
When emergency braking, the main difference between conventional brakes and anti-lock brakes (ABS) is that ABS prevent wheel lock-up. A conventional brake system can lead to wheels locking if the brakes are applied too hard and too quickly; this locking increases friction between the wheel and the road, potentially resulting in a loss of steering control and a longer stopping distance. In contrast, ABS employ sensors and computer-controlled hydraulics to 'pump' the brakes rapidly when a potential wheel lock is detected, helping to maintain traction and allowing the driver to continue to steer effectively.
During emergency braking with conventional brakes, a car's wheels can lock up, and the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle is converted into heat due to the friction between the brake pads and rotors. The same process occurs with ABS, but the system minimizes the chances of tire skid by modulating the brake pressure to each wheel, thereby optimizing the stopping distance and maintaining vehicle control.