Final answer:
Humans have developed complex cultures and sophisticated tool use, while non-human primates have more limited teaching and tool use abilities. The variability in primate behavior, like the gender roles seen in bonobo and chimpanzee societies, highlights the complexities of comparing non-human primate behavior with human culture directly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Behavioral Difference Between Human and Non-Human Primates:
One significant behavioral difference between human and non-human primates is the use and development of complex culture and tools. While non-human primates do use tools, their ability to teach and pass on these skills is limited. Anthropologists study non-human primates to understand aspects of human evolution. In contrast to non-human primates, humans have developed highly sophisticated cultures where knowledge, behaviors, and technologies are learned and transmitted through elaborate language and teaching. An example is the difference in how chimpanzees in different environments utilize tools; Gombe chimps catch prey with their hands, whereas Fongoli chimps use spears. This contrast illustrates the variability in non-human primate behavior and the complexities in comparing it directly with human culture, where tool use and cultural practices are much more diverse and sophisticated.
Observations such as juvenile female primates showing more interest in infants than males could suggest that aspects of gender roles can be seen in both human and non-human primates. However, the wide variability of social structures, such as the egalitarian nature of bonobos versus the hierarchical and male-dominated society of chimpanzees, shows that drawing parallels between human and non-human gender roles or behaviors is not straightforward.