Final answer:
Pangaea was a supercontinent formed by all the Earth's major land masses due to tectonic plate movements, characterized by an extreme and dry climate, with biogeographical implications observed in the distribution of various species.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the question about Pangaea is c) both of the above. Pangaea was indeed a supercontinent that formed during the Permian Period, bringing together all of Earth's major land masses. It resulted from movements of the Earth's tectonic plates that caused all the major land masses to collide and form this giant landmass. During the existence of Pangaea, the climate was extreme and dry, leading to various adaptations in plants and animals, such as waxy leaves and leathery skin to prevent water loss. The biogeography of certain flora and fauna can be traced back to this supercontinent, which showcases how groups that evolved before Pangaea broke apart are now distributed worldwide. This historical geographic configuration also contributed to the most massive extinction event recorded at the end of the Permian.