Final answer:
Turner syndrome is characterized by females having only one X chromosome leading to various physical traits and sterility, while Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome affects individuals with male chromosomes who develop female characteristics due to insensitivity to male hormones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The syndrome known as Turner syndrome is characterized by a female having only one X chromosome, a condition referred to as monosomy. Symptoms include short stature, webbed neck, hearing and cardiac impairments, and sterility due to the lack of sexual organ maturation. On the other hand, Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) affects individuals with typical male chromosomes (XY), who develop predominantly female characteristics due to a mutation in the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene, leading to the body's insensitivity to male hormones like testosterone. Consequently, despite genetically being male, individuals with AIS are raised as females and possess female physical traits.