Final answer:
The term 'big man' comes from Melanesia and New Guinea, where a man can become an influential leader through wealth accumulation and generosity, without official power. Thomas Carlyle introduced the term 'Great Men' to describe influential historical figures in positions of power, a view debated by Tolstoy's more inclusive historical perspective.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term “big man” originates from the social structures found in lineage-order societies of Melanesia and New Guinea. Rather than holding an official position, a “big man” achieves status and influence through non-coercive means such as wealth accumulation, public generosity, and verbal skills. This informal leader supports the community by sponsoring feasts, assisting with bride wealth, and settling disputes, gaining respect and authority without formal power. In contrast to the coercive power of centralized societies, the “big man”'s authority is based on persuasive capacities and the equitable distribution of wealth. Their role is crucial in maintaining social harmony without the need for formal structures of governance.
In the historical context, a related concept was put forward by Thomas Carlyle, who used the term “Great Men” to refer to elite individuals who have influenced history through their positions of power. This notion is debated by the contrasting view presented by Leo Tolstoy, who argued that history is far more than just the actions of a few “Great Men”. Such discussions present differing perceptions of power and leadership, including who should be represented in historical narratives.