Final answer:
Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, was published in 1859, following the presentation of his ideas on natural selection in 1858. The book contains detailed arguments and evidence for evolution by natural selection based on his extensive research and voyage on the HMS Beagle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Charles Darwin's groundbreaking work, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, was published in the year 1859. This publication came after Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace presented their ideas on natural selection to the Linnean Society in London in 1858. On the Origin of Species not only presented the theory of evolution by natural selection but also included a wealth of observations and evidence gathered by Darwin during his five-year voyage aboard the HMS Beagle. His meticulous collection of specimens and analyses upon return to England laid the foundation for the book that extensively challenges and supports the notion of descent with modification.
This book significantly impacted the scientific community and continues to influence our understanding of the biological processes that lead to the formation and evolution of new species. Darwin's observations in the Galapagos Islands, as well as extensive fossil records, played a vital role in formulating his theories on evolution.