Final answer:
Differential access to strategic resources based on social stratification primarily occurs in state societies, which are characterized by large, stratified populations and centralized leadership. Meritocracies allow for the most social mobility among various societal systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Social Stratification in Different Societies
Differential access to strategic resources based on social stratification occurs in state societies. These are large, multiethnic societies with a highly centralized leadership, bureaucracies, and systems of social control, typically exerting exclusive control over a defined territory. States can be highly stratified, indicating substantial resource inequities among different social groups.
Most Social Mobility
The system that allows for the most social mobility is meritocracy. Unlike caste systems, which are rigid and ascribed by birth, or monarchies, which are typically associated with hereditary rule, meritocracies are based on individual abilities and achievements, thereby offering the possibility of movement between different levels of the social hierarchy.
Social stratification is present when there are differences in status or power between various roles in a society. This hierarchy can occur in a variety of forms depending on the society's structure, with state-level societies such as the Inca Empire or the contemporary United States being among the most stratified due to their complexity and size.