Final answer:
The anterior interventricular artery, also called the left anterior descending artery, provides oxygenated blood to both ventricles of the heart and lies within the anterior interventricular sulcus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure in question that lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies oxygenated blood to both ventricles is known as the anterior interventricular artery, also commonly referred to as the left anterior descending artery (LAD). This major branch of the left coronary artery is pivotal for the proper oxygenation of the heart muscle. It parallels the great cardiac vein which collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and directs it into the coronary sinus.
While the anterior interventricular artery deals with the supply of oxygen-rich blood, the posterior interventricular artery, also known as the posterior descending artery, is a branch of the right coronary artery that runs along the posterior part of the interventricular sulcus and provides similar support to the posterior aspects of the heart.
In summary, the anterior interventricular artery is a critical component of the heart's blood supply system, ensconced within the sulcus that marks the division between the left and right ventricles on the heart's anterior surface.