Final answer:
Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over cases determined by Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution and various federal statutes.
This includes cases involving federal laws, constitutional rights, treaties, and specific subject matter courts like those for trade, claims, and bankruptcy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Federal courts have exclusive subject matter jurisdiction over certain types of cases pursuant to Article III, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, as well as various federal statutes.
Examples of cases over which federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction include those involving federal laws, such as immigration and bankruptcy, disputes involving different states or between a state and the federal government, and issues regarding constitutional rights and federal treaties.
Specialized courts like the U.S. Court of International Trade, which deals with customs and international trade laws, and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, handling monetary claims based on the Constitution or federal statutes, also exercise exclusive federal jurisdiction.
Other specialized courts include the U.S. Bankruptcy Courts and legislative courts such as the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.
In contrast, appellate courts like the circuit courts or the Supreme Court may have appellate jurisdiction, hearing cases on appeal that have been decided by lower courts. Diversity of citizenship cases, where the dispute involves parties from different states or nations and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000, can also be heard exclusively in federal court.