Final answer:
Plastic repair of the ureter and renal pelvis is a reconstructive surgery necessary for correcting structural or functional issues of the urinary tract, preventing UTIs, and preserving kidney function. The ureters connect the renal pelvis to the bladder, propelling urine by peristaltic movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plastic repair of the ureter and renal pelvis is a surgical procedure aimed at restoring the normal function and structure of these urinary tract components. Each ureter, typically around 30 cm long, originates from the renal pelvis at the hilum of the kidney, where urine accumulates before being transported through the ureter. The ureters are lined with transitional epithelium and contain smooth muscles that facilitate peristaltic movement, propelling urine towards the bladder. Anatomically important, as the ureters enter the pelvic region, they hug the walls and then turn medially to pierce the bladder obliquely, forming a one-way valve that prevents urine reflux and potential vesicoureteral reflux, which can pose a serious risk of urinary tract infections (UTI).
The procedure might be necessary due to congenital anomalies, blockages, or damage to these structures, often manifesting issues like reflux or obstructive uropathy. Repairing the ureters and renal pelvis can help to relieve symptoms, prevent UTIs, and preserve kidney function. Plastic in this context refers to reconstructive or restorative surgery, not the material plastic. Knowledge of the renal pelvis funnel-like structure, the characteristics of the ureters, and their relationship with the bladder is crucial for understanding the need and approach to surgical repair.