Final answer:
Aphasia is the word for impairment of speech, with conditions like expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, and conduction aphasia representing different forms of this impairment, often stemming from damage to particular brain areas.
Step-by-step explanation:
A word for impairment of speech is aphasia. This condition occurs when there is damage to the brain's language centers, such as Broca's or Wernicke's areas, or the white matter connections between them. Expressive aphasia is a specific type where there's a loss of the ability to produce language, usually associated with damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe. Another form is receptive aphasia, which is a loss of the ability to understand received language, whether spoken or written. Additionally, conduction aphasia represents a loss of function related to connecting the comprehension of language with speech production, while both specific functions may remain intact. In cases of damage to the right side of the brain, speech may still be affected, particularly in the nonverbal aspects such as emotional expression or the ability to understand figurative speech.