Final answer:
Visceral pain from the ascending colon and part of the transverse colon travels through the superior mesenteric plexus, associated with the superior mesenteric ganglion. For the distal third of the transverse colon, the pain fibers travel via the inferior mesenteric plexus.
Step-by-step explanation:
Visceral pain from the ascending colon and part of the transverse colon is primarily transmitted through the superior mesenteric plexus which is associated with the superior mesenteric ganglion. The superior mesenteric plexus receives input from splanchnic nerves, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system.
This system is responsible for conveying pain and reflex sympathetics associated with the gastrointestinal tract, including the ascending and proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon.
The pain fibers from the distal third of the transverse colon, which is part of the hindgut, travel via the inferior mesenteric plexus. The enteric nervous system, particularly the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, also plays a vital role in innervating the gastrointestinal tract but is more concerned with regulating motility and secretions than with pain sensation.