Final answer:
In Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, often known as the elastic clause, Congress is given the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers, allowing for an expansion of Congressional powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the U.S. Constitution, Congress is given the power to make all laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out the listed powers, as well as all other powers vested by the Constitution in the government of the United States. This clause is often referred to as the “elastic clause” or the “necessary and proper clause,” which has historically allowed for a broad interpretation, leading to an expansion of Congressional powers. It enables Congress to enact various laws and regulations that affect American life, giving it the ability to respond to changing times and circumstances beyond the explicit powers in clauses 1-17 of the same section. This includes setting a national minimum wage, creating rules for bankruptcy and naturalization, regulating commerce, minting money, establishing post offices and roads, and even declaring war.
The elastic clause is particularly important as it serves as the constitutional basis for much of the federal government's ability to legislate on a wide range of issues not explicitly enumerated in the Constitution, ensuring the government can function effectively in a rapidly changing society. For instance, it has been used to justify federal economic regulations, various social policies, and other actions necessary to serve the national interest.