Final answer:
The term "Malary" referred to 'Brown people' in Blumenbach's racial categorization. He divided humans into five racial categories based on craniometry, which is now debunked. Blumenbach also created a racial hierarchy with White people at the top.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "Malary" as used by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach included the racial category assigned to 'Brown people.' Blumenbach was a German physician, zoologist, and anthropologist, known for classifying humans into five racial categories based on his studies of human skulls. These categories were "Caucasian" for White people, "Mongolian" for Asians, "Malayan" (or "Malary") for Brown people, "Ethiopian" for Black people, and "American" for Indigenous people of the Americas. Blumenbach's work in craniometry, though now considered pseudoscientific, was influential in the development of racial classifications that persisted in various forms, including conflating social categories with scientific categories.
It's noteworthy that Blumenbach's classifications, including the term "Malary," were part of a larger hierarchy he established with White people at the top. This hierarchical structure has been widely criticized and has profound implications, influencing both scientific understanding and societal attitudes towards race. Yet, despite challenges to many of these labels, some, such as "Caucasian," remain in use today, which is a topic of ongoing debate and examination within anthropology and sociology.