Final answer:
Osteology is the branch of anatomy that deals with bone structure and function, analyzing both its physical properties and biological roles, including support, protection, and mineral storage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The branch of anatomy that deals with the structure and function of bones is known as osteology. This field of study falls under the broader categories of anatomy and physiology, with a focus on understanding both the physical properties of bone tissues and their roles within the biological systems. When examining the gross anatomy of bone, one would look at the larger structures and shapes of bones, such as the diaphysis and epiphysis of long bones, understanding the significance of features like the medullary cavity. Bone tissue is unique in its hardness, which is crucial for its role in supporting the body, protecting organs, anchoring muscles, and storing and releasing minerals such as calcium. The dynamic nature of bone becomes evident through its ability to remodel and repair itself in response to stresses or injuries. This is complemented by the histology of bone, which is the study of the microscopic structure of bone tissue, including the cellular composition and organization that facilitates its functions. Through the study of osteology, students are able to relate the form of bones to their functions, accounting for the intricate arrangement seen in human anatomy, such as the alignment of bones in the hand that allows for manipulation of objects and complex movements.