Final answer:
Helen and Robert Lynd's study titled 'Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture,' focused on the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the lives of ordinary U.S. citizens. Originally intended to examine religion, the study pivoted due to the pervasive socio-cultural shifts observed during the Lynds' research. This work provides insight into the evolving structure of the American family and societal values.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Explorations in Cultural Anthropology, it is noted that the concept of family in North America has evolved substantially over the past several decades. Helen and Robert Lynd's study, Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture, initially aimed to examine the role of religion in American life but shifted to focus on the impacts of industrialization and urbanization. The Lynds chose Muncie, Indiana, as their research site to analyze the lives and beliefs of 'ordinary' U.S. citizens during their 18-month stay in the town. Their decision to pivot their study's focus was influenced by the data they collected, which highlighted more pressing socio-cultural changes spurred by economic developments.
Changes in the U.S. family structure are particularly telling of broader societal transformations, with modern families showing increased diversity such as cohabitation, single-parent households, and same-sex partnerships. This changing dynamic is reflective of the evolution of societal norms and values. Sociologists continue to study these patterns, including how they impact other aspects of life such as education, healthcare, and housing needs.