Final answer:
The statement about the study and classification of living organisms to determine their evolutionary relationships is true, and it refers to the scientific field of taxonomy, part of systematics. Binomial nomenclature assigns two-part names to species, such as Homo sapiens for humans, and similar classes are grouped into phyla in the Linnaean system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study and classification of living organisms to determine their evolutionary relationships with one another is indeed true. This scientific discipline is known as taxonomy, which is a key part of systematics, the broader science that includes taxonomy and the study of evolutionary relationships, or phylogeny. The classification system that's been historically used is the Linnaean system, which classifies organisms into a hierarchical structure that includes ranks such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
The definition of a biological species is “the group of individuals that can breed together”. However, this definition is often challenging to apply because it does not work well with organisms that reproduce asexually or in the cases where distinct species can occasionally interbreed to produce fertile hybrids. The Linnaean taxonomy is often compared with phylogenetic classification systems that are more focused on the evolutionary history and relationships between species, which can sometimes offer a different perspective on the organization of life.
Furthermore, taxonomy uses binomial nomenclature, which means that each species is given a two-part scientific name. For example, the scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens, where 'Homo' is the genus and 'sapiens' is the species identifier. Moving to a broader classification, groups of similar classes are combined into a phylum. For instance, humans are part of the Chordata phylum, which also includes all animals with a backbone. It is also inaccurate to say that all species on Earth have been identified; scientists estimate that there are millions of species yet to be discovered and described.