Final answer:
Infanticide by male Hanuman langurs is observed as a reproductive strategy to enhance their own mating opportunities by eliminating the offspring of competitors, thus bringing females back into estrus sooner.
Step-by-step explanation:
Infanticide in the context of male Hanuman langurs is observed as a reproductive strategy. When a new male takes over a troop, he may commit infanticide by killing the offspring of the previous dominant male. This behavior is believed to be strategic, as it brings the females back into estrus more quickly, enabling the new male to father his own offspring with them. This aspect of primate behavior represents an extreme example of conflict between the reproductive interests of males and females in a species, with males competing not just with one another for access to females, but also acting in ways that can detrimentally impact the offspring of competitors.